Bangladesh study finds Dhaka lost 83% of surface water in 250 years

Dhaka has lost more than 83% of its surface water over the past 250 years, according to preliminary findings from a government study.

The Urban Development Directorate (UDD) found that rivers, canals, ponds, and wetlands in Dhaka and surrounding areas shrank from about 383 square kilometers in 1776 to 64 square kilometers in 2025, a loss of nearly 319 square kilometers.

Researchers used James Rennell’s 1776 Map of Dacca, satellite imagery from 1990 to 2025, institutional records, field surveys, and geographic information system analysis.

UDD director M Mahmud Ali blamed rapid urban expansion, unregulated landfilling, riverbank encroachment, and the filling or enclosure of canals.

The study, launched in May, covers 3,126.64 square kilometers across Dhaka and seven nearby districts. It is expected to be completed by February 2027 and will recommend priorities for restoring and reconnecting water bodies.