Pakistan is deepening ties with both the United States and China in a strategic effort to maintain regional influence and security while countering India’s growing presence in South Asia.
Army chief Asim Munir traveled to Washington on Sunday for a five-day visit aimed at strengthening military and economic relations. His trip follows May’s military clashes with India and comes despite New Delhi’s efforts to diplomatically isolate him. Munir is expected to meet U.S. President Donald Trump on Wednesday.
The visit reflects improving U.S.-Pakistan ties under Trump, who once suspended aid to Islamabad over alleged support for terrorism but recently praised Pakistan’s leadership. Trump also thanked Pakistan for helping capture a suspected Isis-K militant linked to a 2021 bombing that killed 13 U.S. marines.
General Michael Kurilla, head of U.S. Central Command, described the military relationship as a “phenomenal partnership.” Analysts say Washington continues to value Pakistan’s role in counterterrorism, despite ongoing accusations from India.
At the same time, Pakistan is expanding its defense relationship with China. In early June, a now-deleted government post indicated China had offered to sell 40 fifth-generation J-35 stealth fighter jets, along with radar and air defense systems. The deal, if completed, would give Pakistan a major edge in air combat, as India’s comparable fighter remains in development.
During the May clashes, Pakistani officials claimed to have downed six Indian fighters using earlier-generation Chinese-made jets and missiles. China’s ambassador later praised the operation, underscoring Beijing’s support.
Analysts say China provides Pakistan not only with equipment, but also with training, intelligence-sharing, and satellite integration. Andrew Small of the German Marshall Fund called Pakistan “the deepest defense relationship” China maintains.
Although recent militant attacks and debt concerns have tested ties, China remains a key partner through projects like the $60 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Pakistan also engages with Iran and Afghanistan, expanding cooperation through Chinese-brokered talks.
Former diplomat Maleeha Lodhi said Pakistan values ties with both powers but sees China as its strategic priority due to its ability to meet both defense and economic needs.
Munir’s visit also aims to secure economic relief, including preserving a $7 billion IMF program and avoiding proposed U.S. tariffs. He urged U.S. investors to support Pakistan’s mineral sector, estimating potential returns of $15 billion annually.